Determine the meaning of an unknown word using knowledge of common prefixes, suffixes, and word roots (see Roots and Affixes List) (e.g., use knowledge of the prefix dis- to determine the meaning of disrespect).

Identify the word base of familiar words with affixes from Roots and Affixes list (e.g., misspelled, unfinished).

Identify words that begin with the same sound (including consonant digraphs, different letters having the same sound, and silent letters-e.g., knight and new).

Identify words having the same vowel sound (e.g., date and slave).

Identify rhyming words with different spelling patterns (e.g., feet and neat, light and kite).

Determine the meaning of unknown compound words by applying knowledge of individual known words (e.g., baseball).

Determine the meaning of unknown words using within-sentence clues.

Determine the meaning of an unknown word using word, sentence, and cross-sentence clues.

Use synonyms to define words.

Use antonyms to define words.

Determine the word that best fits a given context.

Activate prior knowledge to establish purpose for reading a given passage.

Identify probable outcomes or actions.

Use information in illustrations to help understand a reading passage.

Determine which illustrations support the meaning of a passage.

Determine which charts and graphs support the meaning of a passage.

Identify explicit and implicit main ideas.

Locate information using simple graphic organizers such as Venn diagrams.

Make comparisons across reading passages (e.g., topics, story elements).

Determine the answer to a literal or simple inference question regarding the meaning of a passage.

Distinguish the main ideas and supporting details in any text.

Identify the main idea of a selection when it is not explicitly stated (e.g., by choosing the best alternative title from among several suggested for a given passage).

Identify or summarize the order of events in a story.

Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations about text, and support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge.

Differentiate between fact and opinion.

Draw conclusions from information in maps, charts, and graphs.

Determine whether a set of simple instructions or procedures is complete and, therefore, clear (e.g., if incomplete, identify what is missing).

Identify the author’s purpose for writing a fiction or nonfiction text, (e.g., to entertain or to inform).

Differentiate among the literary elements of plot, character, and setting.

Identify main and supporting characters.

Identify events important to the development of the plot.

Identify setting (i.e., place and time period).

Identify author’s message.

Explain outcomes using the following literary elements: problem/conflict, resolution.

Determine what characters are like by what they say or do by how the author or illustrator portrays them.

Determine character motivation.

Identify and compare characters’ attributes in a story.

Identify the following forms and genres: short story, poem, fairy tale, tall tale, fable, nonfiction, and essay.